How much home can I afford in Canada?+
In Canada, lenders use two key ratios to determine affordability. Your Gross Debt Service (GDS) ratio — housing costs divided by gross income — must be 39% or less. Your Total Debt Service (TDS) ratio — all debts divided by gross income — must be 44% or less. As a general rule, your home price should not exceed 4–5 times your gross annual household income.
What is the GDS ratio and why does it matter?+
The Gross Debt Service (GDS) ratio measures your monthly housing costs (mortgage payment, property tax, heating, and 50% of condo fees) as a percentage of your gross monthly income. Canadian lenders require a GDS of 39% or less. Exceeding this limit is one of the most common reasons mortgage applications are declined.
What is the TDS ratio?+
The Total Debt Service (TDS) ratio includes all your monthly housing costs plus all other monthly debt obligations (car loans, credit cards, student loans) as a percentage of your gross monthly income. Canadian lenders require a TDS of 44% or less. High consumer debt is the fastest way to reduce your maximum home purchase price.
Does the mortgage stress test affect affordability?+
Yes, significantly. The stress test requires you to qualify at the higher of your contract rate plus 2% or 5.25%. For example, if your actual rate is 4.5%, you must qualify at 6.5%. This can reduce your maximum purchase price by roughly 15–20% compared to qualifying at your actual rate.
Can I use co-applicant income to increase affordability?+
Yes. Adding a co-applicant (spouse, partner, or co-signer) combines both incomes for GDS and TDS calculations, which can significantly increase your maximum home price. However, the co-applicant's debts are also included in the TDS calculation, so the net benefit depends on their debt load.
Does condo fees affect how much I can borrow?+
Yes. Canadian lenders include 50% of monthly condo fees in your GDS ratio calculation. High condo fees directly reduce the mortgage payment you can qualify for, which in turn lowers your maximum purchase price. This is an important factor to consider when comparing condos to freehold properties.